What to Expect Before, During, and After Your GAE Procedure

If you’re considering genicular artery embolization (GAE) for knee arthritis pain, one of the most reassuring things you can do is understand exactly what the day looks like. GAE is a minimally invasive, outpatient procedure. There’s no large incision, no hospital stay, and most patients are home the same day. Here’s a step-by-step walkthrough of what to expect before, during, and after, so patients across Virginia, Maryland, and DC can move forward with confidence.

Before the procedure

GAE starts with an evaluation, not a procedure. A specialist confirms that your knee pain is due to osteoarthritis, reviews your imaging, and checks that you’ve tried conservative measures, like medications, physical therapy, or injections, for a reasonable period (generally at least a few months) without enough relief. This is also when you’ll discuss your goals and realistic expectations.

Once you’re a candidate, your team will give you preparation instructions, which may include guidance on eating and drinking beforehand, which medications to pause or continue (for example, blood thinners), and arranging a ride home since you’ll have light sedation. Come with comfortable clothing and your questions written down.

The evaluation is the most important step, and the easiest one to take. The specialists at Surgical Associates determine GAE candidacy for knee arthritis patients across Maryland, DC, and Northern Virginia. If you’re curious whether GAE could help your knee, that conversation is the place to begin.

During the procedure

GAE is performed by an interventional specialist using live X-ray (fluoroscopic) guidance. Here’s the typical sequence:

  1. Comfort first. You’ll receive mild sedation so you’re relaxed and comfortable, but you generally remain awake. You won’t need general anesthesia.
  2. Access. A small area, usually near the groin (sometimes the wrist), is numbed, and a thin catheter is introduced into the artery through a tiny puncture, no surgical incision.
  3. Navigation. Using X-ray guidance, the specialist steers the catheter to the small genicular arteries that supply the inflamed lining of your knee.
  4. Embolization. Tiny particles are released to reduce the abnormal blood flow feeding the inflamed tissue. This calms the inflammation that drives your pain.
  5. Finish. The catheter is removed and the small puncture site is closed with gentle pressure; no stitches needed.

The procedure itself typically takes about an hour.

After the procedure: the recovery timeline

Recovery is one of GAE’s biggest advantages. Here’s a realistic timeline:

  • First few hours: You’ll be monitored in a recovery area, often for a few hours before discharge. Many patients are able to walk comfortably within two to three hours.
  • Going home: GAE is an outpatient procedure, so you’ll head home the same day. You’ll need someone to drive you.
  • First 24–48 hours: Rest, apply ice packs to reduce swelling, and manage any soreness with over-the-counter pain relievers if needed. Some patients notice mild knee or skin tenderness that settles quickly.
  • First few days to two weeks: Most patients return to light daily activities within a few days, and resume normal activities within one to two weeks.
  • Two to four weeks and beyond: Pain relief tends to build gradually rather than appear instantly; many patients report meaningful improvement within two to four weeks as inflammation subsides.

How long does relief last? Studies show most patients experience pain relief for about a year, and many continue to benefit for up to two years.

The numbers patients appreciate most: an outpatient procedure of about an hour, walking within hours, normal activities within one to two weeks, and pain relief that often lasts a year or longer. To find out whether GAE fits your knee and your goals, schedule a consultation — we’ll review your imaging and answer every question, with no obligation.

When to call your care team

Your team will give you specific aftercare instructions. In general, contact them if you develop increasing pain, redness, swelling, or drainage at the access site, a fever, or any symptom that concerns you. Serious complications are uncommon, but knowing who to call gives peace of mind.

The bottom line

GAE is designed to be low-impact from start to finish: a short outpatient procedure under mild sedation, same-day discharge, walking within hours, and a return to normal life within a couple of weeks — with pain relief that develops over the following weeks. Knowing the roadmap makes the decision easier.

Frequently asked questions

Is GAE painful? The procedure is performed under mild sedation with the access site numbed, so most patients are comfortable during it. Afterward, some experience mild soreness or tenderness for a day or two, usually managed with ice and over-the-counter pain relievers.

How long does the GAE procedure take? The procedure itself typically takes about an hour, plus time for preparation and a few hours of monitoring in recovery before you go home the same day.

When can I walk and return to normal activities? Many patients walk comfortably within two to three hours of the procedure and return to light activities within a few days. Most resume normal activities within one to two weeks.

When will I feel pain relief? Relief usually builds gradually. Many patients report meaningful improvement within two to four weeks, with benefits often lasting about a year and sometimes up to two years.

Do I need general anesthesia or a hospital stay? No. GAE uses mild sedation, not general anesthesia, and is an outpatient procedure, so you go home the same day. Surgical Associates performs evaluations across Maryland, DC, and Northern Virginia.


Ready to learn if GAE is right for you?

If knee arthritis pain is limiting your life and you’d like a minimally invasive option, we can help you understand whether GAE fits. Contact Surgical Associates to schedule a consultation. Call 240-427-1630 or book online at sacmd.com. We serve patients across Maryland, Washington DC, and Northern Virginia, with locations in Camp Springs, Silver Spring, Reston, and Waldorf. Most insurance plans accepted.

Related reading on sacmd.com:


Medically reviewed by Rodeen Rahbar, MD, Surgical Associates, LLC. This article is for general educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Your individual experience may vary; follow your care team’s specific instructions.

Sources: UCLA Health — Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE)UChicago Medicine — Genicular Artery Embolization ProcedureBrigham & Women’s Hospital — Genicular Artery Embolization.