When patients consider HAE, one of the most important questions they ask is: how long will the results last? This is a fair and necessary question, and it deserves an honest, evidence-based answer, including an acknowledgment of what we know, what we’re still learning, and how durability compares to other hemorrhoid treatments.
What the Published Data Shows
The Falsarella RCT (12-month follow-up). The only published randomized controlled trial comparing HAE to hemorrhoidectomy followed patients for 12 months. In the HAE group, bleeding resolution was maintained in 12 of 14 patients (83.3%) at one year. Two patients (14%) developed recurrent symptoms requiring secondary hemorrhoidectomy, both with external hemorrhoid development and prolapse. The study demonstrated that HAE provided durable symptom control for the majority of patients through the first year.
The Bagla retrospective series (134 patients, 2023). This larger cohort study reported 93% clinical success (defined as symptom improvement without additional treatment) at one month, with significant improvements in hemorrhoid symptom score, pain, quality of life, and bleeding scores, all statistically significant (P < .01). While this study focused on short-term outcomes, the high initial success rate provides a strong baseline for durability assessment.
Frontiers in Surgery review (2024). A comprehensive review of nearly 250 HAE patients across multiple studies reported clinical success rates ranging from 63% to 94%, with variation attributable to differences in patient selection, embolic technique, hemorrhoid grade, and follow-up duration. No major complications were reported across the entire literature.
What’s still being studied. Multi-year follow-up data (2+ years) for HAE is limited. Several ongoing clinical trials, including the UCLA HELIOS trial, will provide longer-term durability data as their follow-up periods mature. This is an honest limitation of the evidence base: HAE is a newer procedure than hemorrhoidectomy, and the long-term data is still accumulating.
How HAE Durability Compares to Other Treatments
No hemorrhoid treatment provides permanent immunity from recurrence. Hemorrhoidal disease has a biological predisposition: the vascular cushions that become symptomatic are normal anatomical structures influenced by genetics, diet, bowel habits, and aging.
Rubber band ligation has recurrence rates of 10–50% depending on hemorrhoid grade and follow-up length. Most studies show that approximately 30% of banded patients require repeat treatment within five years.
Surgical hemorrhoidectomy has the lowest published recurrence rate, approximately 5–10% over five or more years, because it physically removes the hemorrhoidal tissue. However, even surgery is not permanent; new hemorrhoidal tissue can develop from the residual vascular cushions.
HAE falls between banding and surgery in terms of current durability data. The 14% retreatment rate in the Falsarella RCT at one year is lower than banding but higher than surgery. As longer-term data accumulates, this comparison will become more precise.
Maximizing Durability: What You Can Do
The most effective strategy for extending the durability of any hemorrhoid treatment, including HAE, is lifestyle optimization. Maintain fiber intake of 25–30 grams daily. Stay well hydrated (at least 64 ounces of water daily). Avoid prolonged sitting on the toilet. Don’t strain during bowel movements. Respond promptly to the urge to defecate. Maintain a healthy weight.
These measures don’t just support HAE results: they address the underlying factors that cause hemorrhoidal disease in the first place. Patients who maintain healthy bowel habits after HAE are significantly more likely to enjoy lasting results.
Frequently Asked Questions
The Follow-Up Schedule at SACMD
At Surgical Associates, HAE follow-up typically includes a one-month post-procedure check (symptom assessment, initial response evaluation) and a three-month follow-up (full response assessment, comparison to pre-procedure symptoms). Additional follow-up is scheduled as needed based on symptom trajectory.
If symptoms recur, the options include optimized conservative management (fiber, hydration, bowel habits), repeat HAE (the procedure can be performed again, sometimes targeting additional vessels like the middle rectal artery), or escalation to hemorrhoidectomy if prolapse or tissue bulk is the dominant issue.
The key message: HAE is not a one-chance procedure. It preserves all future treatment options and can be part of a long-term management strategy.
Schedule a consultation: Call (240) 427-1630 or visit www.sacmd.com
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.
References:
- Falsarella PM, et al. HAE vs Hemorrhoidectomy RCT. JVIR. 2023;34:736-744.
- Bagla S, et al. Retrospective Analysis of 134 HAE Patients. JVIR. 2023.
- Frontiers in Surgery. Hemorrhoidal Disease: Role of Rectal Artery Embolization. 2024.
- UCLA HELIOS Trial. NCT07179601. ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Cleveland Clinic. Hemorrhoid Treatment: Long-Term Outcomes.