9 Frequently Asked Questions About Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

Are you experiencing chronic pelvic pain? It could be a symptom of pelvic congestion syndrome. In this article, we answer 8 frequently asked questions about pelvic congestion syndrome, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and Vein Treatment options for the people of Waldorf & Camp Spring, Maryland.

This blog will provide you with valuable information and help you seek appropriate medical attention!

1. What Is Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS)?

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) is a condition characterized by chronic pelvic pain caused by the presence of varicose veins in the pelvis. It affects many women, but the condition is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. 

Pelvic congestion syndrome occurs when the veins in the pelvic region become enlarged and dilated, leading to blood pooling and increased pressure in the area.

2. What Causes Pelvic Congestion Syndrome?

The exact cause of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. These factors include:

• Hormonal influences: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly estrogen, can play a role in the development of PCS. Estrogen is known to relax the vein walls, leading to venous dilation and increased blood pooling.
• Venous insufficiency: Pelvic Congestion Syndrome often occurs due to the presence of venous insufficiency. This means that the valves within the pelvic veins, which help regulate blood flow, may become weakened or damaged. As a result, blood can flow backward and accumulate in the veins, leading to congestion and dilation.
• Multiple pregnancies: The pressure exerted on the pelvic veins during multiple pregnancies can contribute to the development of PCS. The growing uterus can compress the veins, hindering proper blood flow and causing venous congestion.
• Pelvic abnormalities: Structural abnormalities in the pelvis, such as the presence of ovarian or pelvic varicose veins, can increase the risk of developing PCS. These abnormalities can cause blood to accumulate in the pelvic veins, leading to chronic venous congestion.

It’s important to note that while these factors are commonly associated with PCS, the condition can also occur in the absence of any identifiable cause. Each individual’s case may have unique contributing factors, and the exact cause may vary from person to person.

3. What Are The Common Symptoms Of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome?

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) can manifest with a variety of symptoms, although the specific symptoms experienced can vary from person to person. Some of the common symptoms associated with PCS include:

• Chronic pelvic pain: Persistent, dull, or aching pain in the pelvic region is a hallmark symptom of PCS. The pain may be constant or intermittent and can range in severity. It is often described as a deep pelvic ache or pressure.
• Pelvic discomfort or heaviness: Many individuals with PCS experience a sense of pelvic fullness or pressure. This feeling of heaviness can be likened to a dragging sensation in the lower abdomen.
• Pain during or after sexual intercourse: PCS can cause pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse, a condition known as dyspareunia. The pain may be felt deep within the pelvis and can occur during or after sexual activity.
• Increased pain during or before menstruation: For some individuals, symptoms of PCS may worsen during the menstrual cycle. The hormonal fluctuations and increased blood flow associated with menstruation can contribute to heightened pelvic pain during this time.
• Varicose veins in the pelvic region: Visible varicose veins, which are enlarged and twisted veins, may be present in the vulva, buttocks, or upper thighs. These veins may appear bluish or bulging and are often associated with PCS.
• Lower back pain: PCS can cause radiating pain in the lower back, which may be linked to pelvic congestion and pressure on surrounding nerves.
• Increased pain with prolonged standing or sitting: Symptoms of PCS can worsen with prolonged periods of standing or sitting. The increased pressure in the pelvic veins due to gravity can exacerbate pain and discomfort.

4. How Is Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Diagnosed?

Diagnosing pelvic congestion syndrome can be challenging since its symptoms overlap with other pelvic conditions. An experienced Vein Doctor may perform a thorough medical history review and physical examination.

Imaging tests such as pelvic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help visualize the enlarged veins and confirm the diagnosis.

5. Who Is At Risk For Developing Pelvic Congestion Syndrome?

Pelvic congestion syndrome can affect women of various ages, but certain factors may increase the risk.

These include a history of multiple pregnancies, hormonal imbalances, a family history of varicose veins or pelvic congestion syndrome, and conditions that increase abdominal pressure, such as obesity or chronic constipation.

6. What Are The Treatment Options For Pelvic Congestion Syndrome?

The treatment options for Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) aim to alleviate symptoms, reduce pelvic congestion, and improve the overall quality of life for individuals affected by the condition. 

The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, the individual’s health status, and their desire for future fertility. Here are the common treatment options for PCS:

• Conservative management: In mild cases of PCS, conservative measures may be recommended as a first-line treatment. These measures include:
• Lifestyle modifications: Engaging in regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding prolonged periods of standing or sitting can help improve symptoms.
• Dietary changes: Some individuals find that reducing their intake of inflammatory foods, such as caffeine and processed foods, can help alleviate symptoms.
• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may be prescribed to manage pain and discomfort.

• Hormonal therapy: Hormonal treatments may be considered for individuals with PCS. Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) can help regulate hormonal fluctuations and reduce symptoms associated with menstrual cycles. Progestin therapy, which involves taking synthetic progesterone, may also be prescribed to alleviate pain and reduce pelvic congestion.
• Endovascular procedures: Minimally invasive procedures can be performed to treat PCS and reduce pelvic congestion. These procedures are typically performed by an interventional radiologist and include:

• Ovarian vein embolization: This procedure involves inserting a catheter into the affected veins and blocking them with embolic material (e.g., coils, sclerosing agents). By blocking the veins, blood flow is redirected, and pelvic congestion is reduced.
• Transcatheter foam sclerotherapy: Foam sclerotherapy is another option where a sclerosing agent is injected into the affected veins, causing them to shrink and collapse.

• Surgical intervention: In rare cases when conservative and minimally invasive treatments fail to provide relief, surgical intervention may be considered. Surgical options include:

• Ovarian vein ligation or removal: The affected ovarian veins can be ligated (tied off) or surgically removed to alleviate symptoms and reduce pelvic congestion. This approach is usually considered for individuals who have completed their desired family planning or have severe symptoms.

Treatment for pelvic congestion syndrome aims to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Conservative approaches may include lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise, wearing supportive garments, and avoiding prolonged standing or sitting.

Minimally invasive procedures, such as embolization, can be performed to block or close off the affected veins, relieving pain and reducing pelvic congestion.

7. Is Surgery Always Necessary For Treating Pelvic Congestion Syndrome?

Surgery is not always necessary for treating pelvic congestion syndrome. In many cases, conservative measures and minimally invasive procedures provide effective relief.

However, in rare instances when other treatments have not been successful, surgical options, such as vein ligation or removal, may be considered.

8. Can Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Affect Fertility?

Pelvic congestion syndrome is typically not associated with fertility issues. However, the condition can cause discomfort and impact sexual functioning. Treating pelvic congestion syndrome may help improve overall well-being and sexual satisfaction.

9. Can Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Recur After Treatment?

While the effectiveness of treatment varies from person to person, recurrence of symptoms after treatment for pelvic congestion syndrome is possible. Regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider can help monitor your condition and address any recurring symptoms promptly.

If you are experiencing chronic pelvic pain, pelvic congestion syndrome may be a potential cause. Understanding the condition, its symptoms, and available treatment options is crucial for seeking appropriate medical care.

If you suspect pelvic congestion syndrome, consult with a healthcare professional specializing in venous disorders or vascular medicine for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.

Get Your Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Treated by Expert Vein Surgeons in Waldorf & Camp Spring, Maryland.        

If you have issues with PVS, we have the right vein treatment for you at SAC. Our doctors have administered countless successful treatments that will give you the desired results. To see what can be done about your condition, book an appointment today!

Dr. Rodeen Rahbar

Dr. Rahbar is an esteemed vascular surgeon at Surgical Associates Chartered, known for their exceptional contributions to the field of vascular surgery. As a board-certified vascular surgeon with over 20 years of invaluable experience, Dr. Rahbar is a respected authority in the medical community serving Camp Spring, Maryland and the whole community of Mryland. Their unwavering dedication to providing advanced care for patients with diseases of the arteries and veins has earned them a reputation for excellence. Dr. Rahbar’s work embodies a passion for precision and compassion, improving the lives of those they serve, one procedure at a time.